[203] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. [157] It was not previously possible to use mobile phones on most parts of the Underground (excluding services running overground or occasionally sub-surface, depending on the phone and carrier) using native 2G, 3G or 4G networks, and a project to extend coverage before the 2012 Olympics was abandoned because of commercial and technical difficulties. [213], In addition to automatic and staffed faregates at stations, the Underground also operates on a proof-of-payment system. Five trains will be required for the Northern line extension and 45 to increase frequencies on the rest of the line. [50] The Metropolitan promoted housing estates near the railway with the "Metro-land" brand and nine housing estates were built near stations on the line. [308] Johnston was adopted systemwide after the formation of the LPTB in 1933 and the LT wordmark was applied to locomotives and carriages. [193] There are nine zones with zone 1 being the central zone, which includes the loop of the Circle line with a few stations to the south of River Thames. [98][100] By increasing rail capacity, the line aims to reduce overcrowding on the Tube and cut cross-London journey times. One infraco Metronet went into administration in 2007, and TfL took over the other Tube Lines in 2010. Police said they were called . [65][66][67] Under the same act, the country's main line railways were also nationalised, and their reconstruction was given priority over the maintenance of the Underground and most of the unfinished plans of the pre-war New Works Programme were shelved or postponed. [222] The Night Tube proposal was originally scheduled to start on 12 September 2015, following completion of upgrades, but in August 2015 it was announced that the start date for the Night Tube had been pushed back because of ongoing talks about contract terms between trade unions and London Underground. The first section of the Metropolitan District Railway, from South Kensington to Westminster (now part of the District and Circle lines), opens. [84], TfL eventually replaced London Regional Transport, and discontinued the use of the London Transport brand in favour of its own brand. [292] Holden's design for the Underground's headquarters building at 55 Broadway included avant-garde sculptures by Jacob Epstein, Eric Gill and Henry Moore.[293][294]. 14:18, Tue If you take the average depth below sea level of all the platforms in each tube station - an important clarification - London Bridge comes out on top (bottom). Two people are stabbed outside Harlesden Tube station: Police rush to the scene and Bakerloo line is part-suspended. [306] A bold version of the capitals was developed by Johnston in 1929. [198] Single and return tickets are available in either format, but Travelcards (season tickets) for longer than a day are available only on Oyster cards. [146][147] In 1921 a recorded voice instructed passengers to stand on the right and signs followed in the Second World War. The words "London Transport" were added inside the ring, above and below the bar. The latest of these lines is the highly successful Elizabeth line which was . [37] Robyn Denny designed the murals on the Northern line platforms at Embankment. On the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines . [166], Several other extensions have been proposed in recent years, including a further extension of the Northern line to Clapham Junction. London Underground is therefore extending their operational life by making major repairs to many of the trains to maintain reliability. [309] Johnston was redesigned, becoming New Johnston, for photo-typesetting in the early 1980s when Elichi Kono designed a range that included Light, Medium and Bold, each with its italic version. Originally a joint Great Western and Metropolitan railways service, the line first appeared separately on the tube map in 1990. Clapham Common. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) In recent years, the stations of the 1990s Jubilee Line Extension were designed in a high-tech style by architects such as Norman Foster and Michael Hopkins. 1. [241] Passengers are entitled to a refund if their journey is delayed by 15minutes or more due to circumstances within the control of TfL,[242] and in 2010, 330,000 passengers out of a potential 11million Tube passengers claimed compensation for delays. [143], Originally access to the deep-tube platforms was by a lift. [47] An extension of the Central line west to Ealing was also delayed by the war and was completed in 1920. The London Underground was the world's first underground railway. [249] Most platforms at deep tube stations have pits, often referred to as 'suicide pits', beneath the track. On 19 August 2016, London Underground launched a 24-hour service on the Victoria and Central lines with plans in place to extend this to the Piccadilly, Northern and Jubilee lines starting on Friday morning and continuing right through until Sunday evening. The system is composed of eleven lines - Bakerloo, Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria, and Waterloo & City - serving 272 stations. [70] In 1962, the British Transport Commission was abolished, and the London Transport Executive was renamed the London Transport Board, reporting directly to the Minister of Transport. [63] On 3 March 1943, a test of the air-raid warning sirens, together with the firing of a new type of anti-aircraft rocket, resulted in a crush of people attempting to take shelter in Bethnal Green Underground station. [289] Harry W. Ford was responsible for the design of at least 17 UERL and District Railway stations, including Barons Court and Embankment, and claimed to have first thought of enlarging the U and D in the UNDERGROUND wordmark. As with the Victoria line, the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains per hour. Victoria) London Overground & Bakerloo line. [285], In the first decade of the 20th century Leslie Green established a house style for the tube stations built by the UERL, which were clad in ox-blood faience blocks. [230], The standard issue tube map indicates stations that are step-free from street to platforms. [218] Since 2010 a dispute between London Underground and trade unions over holiday pay has resulted in a limited service on Boxing Day.[221]. [171][172], The Central line was the first line to be modernised in the 1990s, with 85 new 1992-stock trains and a new automatic signalling system installed to allow Automatic Train Operation. To enable this up to 50 additional trains will be built in addition to the current 106 1995 stock. . [240], Compared with 200304, the reliability of the network had increased in 201011, with lost customer hours reduced from 54million to 40million. [149] The first 'comb' type escalator was installed in 1924 at Clapham Common. Temporary sign boards that stand at the top of escalators also maximise turbulence. 2012 - A new fleet of electric trains are introduced, the first on the Underground to feature air conditioning and full-length, walk-through interiors Northern line The Northern line, opened. The New Tube for London, which will replace the trains for the Bakerloo, Central, Waterloo and City and Piccadilly lines, is planned to have air conditioning for the new trains along with better energy conservation and regenerative braking.[129][140][141]. The service operates on the: The Jubilee, Piccadilly and Victoria lines, and the Central line between White City and Leytonstone, operate at 10-minute intervals. [37] The Metropolitan even encouraged beards for staff to act as an air filter. [211] Called a "Freedom Pass" it allows free travel on TfL-operated routes at all times and is valid on some National Rail services within London at weekends and after 09:30 on Monday to Fridays. [257] In the same year, following a marketing agreement between the operators, a joint central area map that included all the lines was published. 1. The London Underground is a metro system in the United Kingdom that serves Greater London and adjacent districts of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire. Chalk Farm Station is the closest to Primrose Hill. This opened in 1890 with electric locomotives that hauled carriages with small opaque windows, nicknamed padded cells. [299] The project was critically acclaimed, with the Royal Fine Arts Commission describing the project as "an example of patronage at its best and most enlightened", and two stations shortlisted for the Stirling Prize. Many platforms have unique interior designs to help passenger identification. I would extend the Hayes Line to Sevenoaks via Keston, Biggin Hill Airport, Westerham, Brasted, Sundridge and Sevenoaks. wo men have been stabbed in broad daylight close to a north-west London Tube station. The London Transport brand continued to be used by the GLC. The system operates below ground in central London but runs on the surface in the outlying suburbs. [37], With the advent of electric Tube services (the Waterloo and City Railway and the Great Northern and City Railway), the Volks Electric Railway, in Brighton, and competition from electric trams, the pioneering Underground companies needed modernising. District Line The District Line has the most stations: 60. [317] The Met, strongly independent, used images on timetables and on the cover of its Metro-land guide that promoted the country it served for the walker, visitor and later the house-hunter. [11] Outside the tunnels of central London, many lines' trains tend to travel at over 40mph (64km/h) in the suburban and countryside areas. The line is predicted to run a maximum of 27 trains per hour, a 25% increase on the current 21 trains per hour during peak periods. 270 stations Since then the Underground network, affectionately nicknamed the Tube by generations of Londoners, has grown to 270 stations and 11 lines stretching deep into the Capital's suburbs, and beyond. [38] There were other reports claiming beneficial outcomes of using the Underground, including the designation of Great Portland Street as a "sanatorium for [sufferers of ] asthma and bronchial complaints", tonsillitis could be cured with acid gas and the Twopenny Tube cured anorexia. In the 2010s, the 18.8bn Crossrail project built a new eastwest railway tunnel under central London. During air raids in 1915 people used the tube stations as shelters. [210] Residents born before 1951 were eligible after their 60th birthday, whereas those born in 1955 will need to wait until they are 66. [278][279], In 2016, Tate Modern commissioned conceptual artist Michael Craig-Martin to "reimagine" the roundel, changing its colours for the first time since the sign was introduced. [55] In the same year that the London Passenger Transport Board was formed, Harry Beck's diagrammatic tube map first appeared. These London Underground quiz questions and answers are designed to test your knowledge on all aspects of one of the world's most extensive (and most expensive!) The Bakerloo line was extended north to Queen's Park to join a new electric line from Euston to Watford, but the First World War delayed construction and trains reached Watford Junction in 1917. [37][284] The Central London Railway appointed Harry Bell Measures as architect, who designed its pinkish-brown steel-framed buildings with larger entrances. 4. Printed in yellow on the Tube map, the 17-mile (27 km) line serves 36 stations, including most of London's main line termini. [302], The first posters used various type fonts, as was contemporary practice,[304] and station signs used sans serif block capitals. [102][103], As of 2021, the Underground serves 272 stations. The Tube Challenge is the competition for the fastest time to travel to all London Underground stations, tracked by Guinness World Records since 1960. [283] The City & South London Railway opened with red-brick buildings, designed by Thomas Phillips Figgis, topped with a lead-covered dome that contained the lift mechanism and weather vane (still visible at many stations e.g. London tram workers queue up for their pay at the tram subway in Kingsway, High Holborn on April 7 1930. Which underground line has most stations? When the Bakerloo line opened in 1906, it was advertised with a maximum temperature of 60F (16C), but over time the tube tunnels have warmed up. [16] The Underground first started accepting contactless debit and credit cards in September 2014. [214][215], The tube closes overnight during the week, but since 2016, the Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, and Victoria lines, as well as a short section of the London Overground have operated all night on Friday and Saturday nights. [165] Due to financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, work to implement the extension is currently on hold. [107], Fifty-five per cent of the system runs on the surface. The Overground never runs underground. [176][177], The eighty-six 1973 stock trains that operate on the Piccadilly line are some of the most reliable trains on the London Underground. The 11 lines collectively handle up to 5million passenger journeys a day and serve 272 stations. [146] In the 1920s and 1930s many lifts were replaced by escalators. [132] Temperatures of 117F (47C) were reported in the 2006 European heat wave. Originally, air turbulence was kept to a minimum by keeping all signage flat to the tunnel walls. Bombardier won the contract in June 2011 but was released by agreement in December 2013, and London Underground has now issued another signalling contract, with Thales. [311] Graphic posters first appeared in the 1890s,[312] and it became possible to print colour images economically in the early 20th century. [125] Since the early 1960s all passenger trains have been electric multiple units with sliding doors[126] and a train last ran with a guard in 2000. A route from Elephant & Castle to Lewisham via the Old Kent Road and New Cross Gate was chosen by Transport for London in 2019. [124], London Underground trains come in two sizes, larger sub-surface trains and smaller deep-tube trains. [93] This record was subsequently beaten in later years, with 4.82 million riders in December 2015. The Underground uses several railways and alignments that were built by main-line railway companies. There are three instances where two separate stations share the same name: Edgware . Lewisham used to be served by the East London line (stations at New Cross and New Cross Gate). Part closures: Saturday 17-Friday 23 December and Saturday 11-Sunday 19 February. The District, needing to raise the finance necessary, found an investor in the American Charles Yerkes who favoured a DC system similar to that in use on the City & South London and Central London railways. [277] The 100th anniversary of the roundel was celebrated in 2008 by TfL commissioning 100 artists to produce works that celebrate the design. [262][263], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[264] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. [127] All lines use fixed-length trains with between six and eight cars, except for the Waterloo & City line that uses four cars. [248], In November 2011 it was reported that 80 people had died by suicide in the previous year on the London Underground, up from 46 in 2000. 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