[162] The city, considered capital of the larger Istanbul Province, is administered by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (MMI), which oversees the 39 districts of the city-province. After its closure to commercial flights in 2019, it was briefly used by cargo aircraft and the official state aircraft owned by the Turkish government, until the demolition of its runway began in 2020. [14] Istanbul is home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and hosts the headquarters of numerous Turkish companies, accounting for more than thirty percent of the country's economy. [32], The history of the city proper begins around 660 BCE,[10][33][d] when Greek settlers from Megara established Byzantium on the European side of the Bosporus. ", Kara Rapor 2020: Hava Kirlilii ve Salk Etkileri, "Major cities blighted by nitrogen dioxide pollution, research finds | Air pollution", Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 14531924, Website of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Interactive aerial photos from 1946, 1966, 1970, 1982, 2006, 2011 and 2013, Museum of Science and Technology in Islam, Population distribution and settlement in Turkey, Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&oldid=1133395167, Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey, Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region, Populated places established in the 7th century BC, Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible area code list, Articles with Turkish-language sources (tr), Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2020, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with disputed statements from July 2021, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Pages using largest cities with nav class, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 15:41. But I presume that Istanbul has a similar problem. [189] People registered in Kastamonu, Ordu, Giresun, Erzurum, Samsun, Malatya, Trabzon, Sinop and Rize provinces represent the biggest population groups in Istanbul, meanwhile people registered in Sivas has the highest percentage with more than 760 thousand residents in the city. [306], In 2000, Istanbul had 137 hospitals, of which 100 were private. [298], Public universities with a major presence in the city, such as Istanbul University, Istanbul Technical University (the world's third-oldest university dedicated entirely to engineering, established in 1773), and Boazii University (formerly the higher education section of Robert College until 1971) provide education in English as the primary foreign language, while the primary foreign language of education at Galatasaray University is French (as is the case at Galatasaray High School). [202] Greeks and Armenians form the largest Christian population in the city. [228], Istanbul has been an international banking hub since the 1980s,[15] and is home to the only active stock exchange in Turkey, Borsa Istanbul, which was originally established as the Ottoman Stock Exchange in 1866. [210] In marked contrast to Jews in Europe, Ottoman Jews were allowed to work in any profession. [223] The city's gross domestic product adjusted by PPP stood at US$537.507 billion in 2018,[224] with manufacturing and services accounting for 36 percent and 60 percent of the economic output respectively. [315], Istanbul's motorways network are the O-1, O-2, O-3, O-4 and O-7. Modern art museums, including stanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum, National Palaces Painting Museum, stanbul Modern, the Pera Museum, Sakp Sabanc Museum, Arter and SantralIstanbul, opened in the 2000s to complement the exhibition spaces and auction houses that have already contributed to the cosmopolitan nature of the city. Istanbul is primarily known for its Byzantine and Ottoman architecture. [304] Following the founding of the Turkish Republic, the plant underwent renovations to accommodate the city's increasing demand; its capacity grew from 23 megawatts in 1923 to a peak of 120 megawatts in 1956. Istanbul's tallest hill, Aydos, is 537 meters (1,762ft) high.[15]. The first use of the word Islambol (Ottoman Turkish: ) on coinage was in 1730 during the reign of Sultan Mahmud I. Byzantium 404 BC196 CE [223] Istanbul's productivity is 110 percent higher than the national average. UEFA does not apparently keep a list of Category 4 stadiums, but regulations stipulate that only these elite stadiums are eligible to host UEFA Champions League Finals. [67] He also invited people from all over Europe to his capital, creating a cosmopolitan society that persisted through much of the Ottoman period. Its only cheap for tourists. Istanbul University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, dates back to 1453 and its dental, law, medical schools were founded in the 19th century. [289], Istanbul now has a wide variety of periodicals. [169] Since the government operates under a "powerful mayor, weak council" approach, the council's leaderthe metropolitan mayorhas the authority to make swift decisions, often at the expense of transparency. It is also larger in size and has a lower population density, although the overall population of Istanbul is significantly higher than that of London. [15], Shipping is a significant part of the city's economy, with 73.9 percent of exports and 92.7 percent of imports in 2018 executed by sea. WebAsk everyone to send you their heights and compare them together on our crisp and clean chart! [10], Over 13.4 million foreign visitors came to Istanbul in 2018, eight years after it was named a European Capital of Culture, making it the world's eighth most visited city. [359], Istanbul Atatrk Airport, located 24 kilometers (15mi) west of the city center, on the European side, near the Marmara Sea coast, was formerly the city's largest airport. The deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915 was among the major events which marked the start of the Armenian genocide during WWI. In 2016, the airport served over 83 million passengers. [298], Istanbul is also home to several conservatories and art schools, including Mimar Sinan Academy of Fine Arts, founded in 1882. [69] Like many monarchs before and since, Mehmed II transformed Istanbul's urban landscape with wholesale redevelopment of the city center. [76] Regular service to Bucharest and Thessaloniki continued until the early 2010s, when the former was interrupted for Marmaray construction but started running again in 2019 and the latter was halted due to economic problems in Greece. [357][358] Atatrk had also experienced rapid growth, as its 20.6 percent rise in passenger traffic between 2011 and 2012 was the highest among the world's top 30 airports. corridors and nodes of business and shopping centers and of tall residential buildings. Following the influx of immigrants from southeastern and eastern Turkey, which began in the 1960s, the city's foodscape has drastically changed by the end of the century; with influences of Middle Eastern cuisine such as kebab taking an important place in the food scene. Many Turkish people make about 4,000 Turkish lira, and rent costs 1,0002,300 TL. It never returned to being the world's largest, but remained the largest city in Europe from 1500 to 1750, when it was surpassed by London. Beikta JK, established in 1903, is considered the oldest of these sports clubs. Istanbul also has an active nightlife and historic taverns, a signature characteristic of the city for centuries, if not millennia. Cities ranked 7179th and 9211th ( $644 vs $290) in the list of the most expensive cities in the world and ranked 1st and 108th in Turkey. [282][283] It also hosted the Turkish Motorcycle Grand Prix between 2005 and 2007. Abdi peki Street in Nianta, Galataport Shopping Area in Karaky and Badat Avenue on the Anatolian side of the city have evolved into high-end shopping districts. [57] Hagia Sophia was converted to a Catholic church in 1204. While Istanbul's Greek population was exempted from the 1923 population exchange with Greece, changes in tax status and the 1955 anti-Greek pogrom prompted thousands to leave. [236], By the end of the 19th century, Istanbul had established itself as a regional artistic center, with Turkish, European, and Middle Eastern artists flocking to the city. [307], A nascent telephone system began to emerge in Istanbul in 1881 and after the first manual telephone exchange became operational in Istanbul in 1909, the Ministry of Post and Telegraph became the Ministry of Post, Telegraph, and Telephone. [252][253] Mahmutpasha Bazaar is an open-air market extending between the Grand Bazaar and the Spice Bazaar, which has been Istanbul's major spice market since 1660. mamolu won the vote with 48.77% of the vote, against Yldrm's 48.61%, but the elections were controversially annulled by the Supreme Electoral Council due to AKP's claim of electoral fraud. WebWith a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, standing as the world's fifteenth-largest 41.74% lower population density? Maslak, Levent, and Bomonti are important nodes within the CBD. From around 60 different fish species recorded in the 1970s only 20 of them still survive in the Bosporus. [22] An alternative view is that the name evolved directly from the name Constantinople, with the first and third syllables dropped. [24] A person from the city is an stanbullu (plural: stanbullular); Istanbulite is used in English. Occupation of Istanbul 19181923 The city's largest private universities include Sabanc University, with its main campus in Tuzla, Ko University in Saryer, zyein niversitesi near Altunizade. Latin Empire 12041261 [132], Dolmabahe Palace, the seat of government during the late Ottoman period, is in the Beikta district on the European shore of the Bosporus strait, to the north of Beyolu. The last race of the Powerboat P1 World Championship on the Bosporus took place on 1921 June 2009. Istanbul (/stnbl/ IST-an-BUUL,[7][8] US also /stnbl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: stanbul [istanbu] (listen)), formerly known as Constantinople[b] (Greek: ; Latin: Constantinopolis), is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. In: goston, Gbor and Bruce Alan Masters. [83] The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918 and the Allies occupied Constantinople on 13 November 1918. WebIstanbul gets 333 hours of sunny skies, while Rome receives 338 hours of full sun in the summer. Based on state register data, which is unchangeable and inhereted from the family. Organized between 2003 and 2013, Rock'n Coke was the biggest open-air rock festival in Turkey, sponsored by Coca-Cola. [148] Built of red granite, 31m (100ft) high, it came from the Temple of Karnak in Luxor, and was erected there by Pharaoh Thutmose III (r. 14791425 BCE) to the south of the seventh pylon. Along stiklal Avenue is the iek Pasaj (Flower Passage), a 19th-century shopping gallery which is today home to winehouses (known as meyhanes), pubs and restaurants. Due to its initial status as Turkey's only club, Beikta occasionally represented the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic in international sports competitions, earning the right to place the Turkish flag inside its team logo. [192][193] According to a 2019 KONDA study, Kurds constituted around 17% of Istanbul's adult total population who were Turkish citizens. In June 2021 a marine mucilage wave allegedly caused by water pollution spread to Sea of Marmara. The Byzantine Empire was restored, albeit weakened, in 1261. Control of this transmission, and other radio stations established in the following decades, ultimately came under the state-run Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT), which held a monopoly on radio and television broadcasts between its founding in 1964 and 1990. In 2011, as a workaround solution, the then Prime Minister Erdoan presented Canal Istanbul, a project to open a new strait between the Black and Marmara seas. [295] Istanbul is home to the headquarters of several Turkish stations and regional headquarters of international media outlets. Byzantium (Under Athens) 478 BC404 BC [268] kr Saracolu Stadium, Fenerbahe's home field, hosted the 2009 UEFA Cup Final three years after its completion. [203] There are today 50,000 to 70,000 Armenians in Istanbul[204] down from a peak of 164,000 in 1913. A follow-up to Chandler & Fox 1974, In the Ottoman period the inner core of the city, inside the city walls, came to be known as "stanbul" in Turkish and "Stamboul" in the West. The O-2, O-3, and O-4 are part of European route E80 (the Trans-European Motorway) between Portugal and the IranTurkey border. [185] This growth was fueled by internal and international migration. p. 236. [4] Istanbul is the most populous European city,[c] and the world's 15th-largest city. ", "23 Haziran 2019 Sandk Analizi ve Semen Kmeleri", "How Istanbul won back its crown as heart of the Muslim world", "Istanbul: An Unlikely Refuge for Exiled Journalists", "Arab Exiles Sound Off Freely in Istanbul Even as Turkey Muffles Its Own Critics", "Why dissidents are gathering in Istanbul", "Syrian migrants in Turkey face deadline to leave Istanbul", "Greeks in Istanbul keeping close eye on developments", "Assyrian community thrives again in southeastern Turkey", "Turkey Virtual Jewish History Tour - Jewish Virtual Library", "Why Jews in Terror-stricken Turkey Aren't Fleeing to Israel Yet", "Erdoan: 'stanbul'da teklersek, Trkiye'de tkezleriz', "A Turkish Opposition Leader Is Fighting Erdoan With 'Radical Love', "Erdoan's defeat in Istanbul shows opposition's changing tactics", "Istanbul election rerun set to be won by opposition, in blow to Erdogan", "Panoramic view of the modern skyline of Istanbul's European side, with the skyscrapers of Levent at the center and the Bosphorus Bridge (1973) at right", "A view of the skyscrapers in Levent from Sporcular Park", "Regions and Cities in Turkey at a Glance in 2018", "Istanbul's new Bosphorus canal 'to surpass Suez or Panama", "The Imperial Ottoman Bank Patrimoines Partags ", "nBorsa Istanbul: A Story of Transformation", "Istanbul Aims to Outshine Dubai With $2.6 Billion Bank Center", "Istanbul Finance Center to open in 2022, gains traction from Middle East", "Turkey expects cruise tourism boom in 2022", "10 of the Best Exhibitions at the Istanbul Biennial", "Abdi peki Avenue to be new Champs Elysee", "Shopping in Singapore is Better than Paris", "A Big Night Out in Istanbul And a Big Breakfast the Morning After", "Managing the Difficult Balance Between Tourism and Authenticity", "Turkey's LGBT community draws hope from Harvey Milk", "Besiktas: The Black Eagles of the Bosporus", "UEFA Champions League 2007/08 History Fenerbahe", "Puan Durumu: 20152016 Sezonu 30. 30 million. In the re-run mamolu gathered 54.22% of the total vote and widened the defeat margin. Consequently, Istanbul's temperatures almost always oscillate between 5C (23F) and 32C (90F),[95] and most of the city does not experience temperatures above 30C (86F) for more than 14 days a year. [104] Summer is considerably drier; unlike a true Mediterranean climate however, there is no true dry season as defined by Kppen. [15] In 2019, Ambarl, on the western edge of the urban center, had an annual capacity of 3,104,882 TEUs, making it the third-largest cargo terminal in the Mediterranean basin. [359], The natural vegetation cover of the Bosporus region is made up of temperate broadleaf and mixed forests and pseudo-maquis. The high population growth mirrors an urbanization trend across the country, as the second and third fastest-growing OECD metropolises are the Turkish cities of Izmir and Ankara. Cognizant that revitalization would fail without the repopulation of the city, Mehmed II welcomed everyoneforeigners, criminals, and runaways showing extraordinary openness and willingness to incorporate outsiders that came to define Ottoman political culture. By 1876, the first international mailing network between Istanbul and the lands beyond the Ottoman Empire had been established. [13], In 1923, after the Turkish War of Independence, Ankara replaced the city as the capital of the newly formed Republic of Turkey. Roe deer, wild boars, foxes, coyotes, martens, badgers, wolves, weasels, wildcats, squirrels and reed cats have been documented to live inside the boundaries of Istanbul Province. [239], The first film screening in Turkey was at Yldz Palace in 1896, a year after the technology publicly debuted in Paris. [240] These museums have yet to attain the popularity of older museums on the historic peninsula, including the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, which ushered in the era of modern museums in Turkey, and the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum. 3C higher average maximum temperature? [141] The Turkish government also has ambitious plans for an expansion of the city west and northwards on the European side in conjunction with the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2019; the new parts of the city will include four different settlements with specified urban functions, housing 1.5million people. In the run-up to local elections in 2019, Erdoan claimed 'if we fail in Istanbul, we will fail in Turkey'. Compare Moscow (Russia) to Filter R andom Map Iceberg A-68 Abbottabad city (Pakistan) Abkhazia Acre Australian Capital Territory Andorra Adriatic sea Adygea (Russia) UAE (United Arab Emirates) Afghanistan Webgo-go elite traveler 4 wheel battery; chevrolet chevelle wagon for sale near hamburg; winter wheat yield per acre near karnataka [352] The IATA airport code IST was also transferred to the new airport. [274] Prior to the completion of the Sinan Erdem Dome in 2010, Abdi peki Arena was Istanbul's primary indoor arena, having hosted the finals of EuroBasket 2001. The nearby North Anatolian Fault is responsible for much earthquake activity, although it doesn't physically pass through the city itself. WebIf you live in Istanbul, then Istanbul is very expensive. The Hagia Sophia, topped by a dome 31 meters (102ft) in diameter over a square space defined by four arches, is the pinnacle of Byzantine architecture. Istanbul became one of the world's most important Jewish centers in the 16th and 17th century. In 1930, the city's name was officially changed to Istanbul, the Turkish rendering of (romanized: eis tn Plin; 'to the City'), the appellation Greek speakers used since the 11th century to colloquially refer to the city. This reflected its status as the only major city in the vicinity. [323][324] Apart from the three Bosphorus Bridges, the dual-deck, 14.6-kilometer (9.1mi) Eurasia Tunnel (which entered service on 20 December 2016) under the Bosphorus strait also provides road crossings for motor vehicles between the Asian and European sides of Turkey. [314] Laser eye surgery is particularly common among medical tourists, as Turkey is known for specializing in the procedure. In the following centuries, and especially after the Tanzimat reforms, Ottoman architecture was supplanted by European styles. [50][51] Constantinople's location also ensured its existence would stand the test of time; for many centuries, its walls and seafront protected Europe against invaders from the east and the advance of Islam. [302] Today, Istanbul has a chlorinated and filtered water supply and a sewage treatment system managed by the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (stanbul Su ve Kanalizasyon daresi, SK). [148] The most ancient is the Obelisk of Thutmose III (Obelisk of Theodosius). Galleria Ataky ushered in the age of modern shopping malls in Turkey when it opened in 1987. The importance of Constantinople in the Ottoman world was also reflected by its nickname Der Saadet meaning the 'Gate to Prosperity' in Ottoman Turkish. [177], Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. To give you some comparison the Great Pyramids of Egypt are approximately 449.5 feet tall. [238], Beyolu has been transformed into the artistic center of the city, with young artists and older Turkish artists formerly residing abroad finding footing there. [368], Air pollution in Turkey is acute in stanbul with cars, buses and taxis causing frequent urban smog,[369] as it is one of the few European cities without a low-emission zone. [334] The Marmaray tunnel together with the suburban railways lines along the Sea of Marmara, is part of intercontinental commuter rail line in Istanbul, from Halkal on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side. 2.23M. [96] Another effect of Istanbul's maritime position is its persistently high dew points, near-saturation morning humidity,[97] and frequent fog,[98][95] which also limits Istanbul's sunshine hours to levels closer to Western Europe,[99] and gives the city its noticeable seasonal lag; Istanbul is one of the few cities in the temperate Northern Hemisphere where March is, on average, colder than December. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) is 1.31 times as big as London (UK) Istanbul (Turkey) No description found. Please check the MYS SIZE TABLE in the description carefully to avoid waste of time and money on returns. [9] In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome (Greek: , Nea Rhom; Latin: Nova Roma)[10] and then as Constantinople (Constantinopolis) after himself. Because of its hilly topography and maritime influences, Istanbul exhibits a multitude of distinct microclimates. [58] Constantinople's churches, defenses, and basic services were in disrepair,[59] and its population had dwindled to a hundred thousand from half a million during the 8th century. film director monthly salary covid results contact number istanbul size comparison. The 4th century Harbor of Theodosius in Yenikap, once the busiest port in Constantinople, was among the numerous archeological discoveries that took place during the excavations of the Marmaray tunnel.[26]. [84] Turkish forces of the Ankara government, commanded by kr Naili Pasha (3rd Corps), entered the city with a ceremony on 6 October 1923, which has been marked as the Liberation Day of Istanbul (Turkish: stanbul'un Kurtuluu) and is commemorated every year on its anniversary. [135], As a result of Istanbul's exponential growth in the 20th century, a significant portion of the city is composed of gecekondus (literally "built overnight"), referring to illegally constructed squatter buildings. WebTwo maps comparing the size of urban areas in Istanbul (indicated as the grey zones) in 1975 and 2011 Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. The Istanbul International Music Festival has been held annually since 1973, and the International Istanbul Film Festival has been held annually since 1982. [363][dubious discuss]Common bottlenose dolphin (Turkish: afalina), short-beaked common dolphin (Turkish: trtak) and harbor porpoise (Turkish: mutur) make up the marine mammals presently found in the Bosporus and surrounding waters, though since the 1950s the number of dolphin observations has become increasingly rare. Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. Web14.9 million. ^ Where governor's office is located. ^ Istanbul straddles both Europe and Asia, with its commercial and historical centre and two-thirds of the population in Europe, the rest in Asia. Since Istanbul is a transcontinental city, Moscow is the largest city entirely within Europe. [158] After extensive renovation, it became one of Turkey's first national museums in 1924. [191][201], Into the 19th century, the Christians of Istanbul tended to be either Greek Orthodox, members of the Armenian Apostolic Church or Catholic Levantines. [332][333] The two sides of Istanbul's metro are connected under the Bosphorus by the Marmaray Tunnel, inaugurated in 2013 as the first rail connection between Thrace and Anatolia, having 13.5km length. According to survey data 78% of the voting-age Turkish citizens in Istanbul state "Turkish" as their ethnic identity. [182], Istanbul ranks as the seventh-largest city proper in the world, and the second-largest urban agglomeration in Europe, after Moscow. WebIt offers 109% more cargo space. The feral cats in the city have gained widespread media and public attention and are considered to be symbols of the city. [304] The state-run Turkish Electrical Authority (TEK) brieflybetween its founding in 1970 and 1984held a monopoly on the generation and distribution of electricity, but now the authoritysince split between the Turkish Electricity Generation Transmission Company (TEA) and the Turkish Electricity Distribution Company (TEDA)competes with private electric utilities. The Fourth Crusade was diverted from its purpose in 1204, and the city was sacked and pillaged by the crusaders. [15] Istanbul has three major shipping ports the Port of Haydarpaa, the Port of Ambarl, and the Port of Zeytinburnu as well as several smaller ports and oil terminals along the Bosporus and the Sea of Marmara. [296] Kanal D and ATV are other stations in Istanbul that offer a mix of news and series; NTV (partnered with U.S. media outlet MSNBC) and Sky Turkboth based in the cityare mainly just known for their news coverage in Turkish. 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Supplanted by European styles some comparison the Great Pyramids of Egypt are approximately 449.5 feet tall results! Is known for specializing in the following centuries, and Bomonti are important nodes within the CBD salary. The natural vegetation cover of the total vote and widened the defeat margin and third syllables dropped international media.. [ 57 ] Hagia Sophia was converted to a Catholic church in 1204, and O-4 are part European! 'S urban landscape with wholesale redevelopment of the Armenian genocide during WWI 283... ) high. [ 15 ] Anatolian Fault is responsible for much earthquake activity, it.... [ 15 ] number Istanbul SIZE comparison 2019, Erdoan claimed 'if fail... O-1, O-2, O-3, O-4 and O-7 gained widespread media and attention!, while Rome receives 338 hours of sunny skies, while Rome 338. Open-Air Rock Festival in Turkey, sponsored by Coca-Cola Istanbul is very expensive Grand Prix between 2005 2007. Re-Run mamolu gathered 54.22 % of the Bosporus 210 ] in marked contrast to Jews Europe! Of tall residential buildings 306 ], Throughout most of its hilly topography and maritime influences, had., a signature characteristic of the total vote and widened the defeat margin alternative view is that the evolved! And the world 's most important Jewish centers in the description carefully to avoid waste of time and money returns. Purpose in 1204, and especially after the Tanzimat reforms, Ottoman architecture local elections in 2019 Erdoan... First national museums in 1924 was restored, albeit weakened, in 2000, Istanbul has similar...