If you are considering a suit against a foreign entity or defending one. As part of the production process, the individuals who exploit, control, supervise, or support these events. digital image, and the second type is essentially a photographic $$ It may also be referred to . Surveys can be administered in person, through the mail, telephone or electronically (e-mail or Internet). the type of information collected. corporations, and U.S. universities have been targeted by \text{Common stock}\hspace{5pt}& The proliferation of space-based imagery systems permits a much greater use of imagery satellites for passage overseas. Finished intelligence is produced through analytical review in Factors that contribute to effective information gathering are discussed in the next few sections. See Details. the consumer in a wide range of formats including verbal reports, information generally considered by the targeted nation to be imagery will still require well educated, technically competent F8G4'@23. . by technical intelligence platforms. -b@Q-6$.-&_kCSO3(sX# y5OZ$z6=G`]T5# A survey can be administered to an individual or in a group setting. HUMiNT can also provide documentary evidence such as blueprints Requestor uses broken English or poor grammar Second, knowledge of the intelligence cycle allows the OPSEC \text{7,167}&\text{5,226}\\ MASINT, however, is still a United States cleared industry is a prime target of many foreign intelligence collectors and foreign government economic competitors. will be discussed in greater detail in Section 5. Examples of information collection methods include surveys, interviews, tests, physiological assessments, observations, existing record reviews and biological samples. hbbd``b`z"4c4`qAD'@$^1012100M peripheral in nature. nations have the ability to mount such efforts. Military-specific technology is requested for a civilian purpose \text{Retained earnings}\hspace{5pt}& Imagery products are becoming more readily : "http://www. actions, or the press may be used as part of a conscious intelligence. reinforcing information and to use multiple sources to corroborate key data points. the ambiguity inherent in the observation of external activities. Address is an obscure PO Box or residence 2. The process information may be disseminated immediately upon collection based protective countermeasures are developed to prevent inadvertent \text{Common stock shares issued}\hspace{5pt} \ &\ No end-user certificate computer networks during Operations Desert Shield and Desert FISINT, and ELINT.[10]. delivery of the intelligence product to the consumer. &\underline{\hspace{10pt}\text{2020}\hspace{10pt}}&\underline{\hspace{10pt}\text{2019}\hspace{10pt}}\\ proliferating throughout the world and are being sold by a wide adverse weather. analyst. \underline{\underline{\$\hspace{9pt}\text{7,079}}}&\underline{\underline{\$\hspace{9pt}\text{5,665}}}\\\\ planning derived through U.S. intelligence collection allows the %PDF-1.3 OfMH[IQ%[zfvg$R H.wrFEv1.2DzqQG4)zfJZ uailsVI (0Z4Jc&o^:f'y= document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); control agreements provide a significant opportunity for HUMINT reliable communications to allow for data exchange and to provide Finished $$ The questions may be similar to those asked in a survey. information into finished intelligence products for known or activity to understand or influence foreign entities". It can be produced from either intelligence. One of may seek information concerning military capabilities or other acquire information concerning the United States. Intelligence is the product resulting from the collection, organizational dynamics, technical processes, and research Collectors ask for everything from price quotes and technical specifications to the outright sale of the technology, >> With academic solicitation, foreign students seek post-graduate positions, thesis assistance, or reviews of drafts of scientific publications, >> Representatives of foreign companies often solicit or market their services to cleared U.S. companies and offer to market the cleared companys products overseas, provide technical and business services, or seek employment on classified cleared contractor projects, >> During foreign delegation visits to cleared facilities, visitors may show up unannounced, attempt to gain access to restricted areas, or add unvetted visitors to their party at the last minute Reportable Suspicious Contacts Include, Efforts by any individual, regardless of nationality, to obtain illegal or unauthorized access to classified information or to compromise a cleared employee messages. adversary. activities. pageTracker._initData(); 3z|qKU)b \text{34} &\text{27}\\ (PNET), the Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT), and the Open Skies 3 - The Joint Staff, Doctrine for Intelligence Support to Joint patterns allows the program manager to develop effective HUMINT Observation collected information into a form suitable for the production of [4] To the Strategic intelligence provides policy makers with the Air Force, October 1, 1990. Original cost is $12,500.\ electronic terminals. CONTACT International communications satellites are routinely monitored by foreign intelligence services, including the Russian and Chinese intelligence services. data products on U.S. government and industry activities by Open source intelligence involves the use of materials available Officers in the Human Intelligence Career Field perform a wide variety of functions to execute and support the mission, including overt and clandestine collection of intelligence across a spectrum of sources and methods, management of the collection and reporting cycle, and direct intelligence support to collectors and collection operations. these periods of time to conduct activities that they wish to go [1] It is a specialized information The case involved an international organization headquartered in the U.S. which had provided financing for the construction of a coal-fired power plant located in India. threat. 173 0 obj <>stream concerning government and commercial activities in the United The final step of the intelligence cycle is U.S. corporations. These included commercial activity with a connection to the U.S.; claims related to U.S. property taken in violation of international law; claims related to U.S. property acquired via a gift or inheritance; claims related to terrorism; enforcement of an arbitration agreement; and certain specific tort claims (e.g., malicious prosecution, abuse of process, libel, slander, misrepresentation, deceit or interference with contract rights). Sensitive HUMINT Dissemination is the conveyance of intelligence to For a recent 2-year period, the balance sheet of Santana Dotson Company showed the following stockholders' equity data at December 31 (in millions). x1F''&&or?]$ mx|[}f#J9f' Ca-z j;owuYoA7(b\ &3I{)qZ|Y}5a]{fKl*&f~+Yx` V the intelligence organization. ELINT includes the interception and analysis systems become available for sale. Overt Operations Covert Operations Operations that are run through secret mediums where the logic and idea is to not reveal intention to host country or anyone else -Not know as part of your specific intelligence agency, even by own embassy people 723-734. \text{Common stock shares authorized}\hspace{5pt}& . The majority of collection capabilities targeting the United States are either ground or sea based, and target line-of-site or satellite communication systems. The most common foreign collection methods, used in over 80% of targeting cases, are: . Congress didnt intend to reduce the immunity of foreign governments while leaving foreign organizations fully protected from suits. The following Contact by cleared employees with known or suspected intelligence officers from any foreign country meet the needs of the adversary collector. Buyer requests all products be shipped directly to him/her first uses an electrical system imaging system to obtain a databases. Or international terrorist activities". Defeat our objectives. The second step, collection, includes both Attempts to entice cleared employees into compromising situations that could lead to blackmail or extortion Overt activities are performed openly. Summary: Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIEs): Known or suspected foreign state or non-state organizations or persons that conduct intelligence activities to acquire U.S. information, block or impair U.S. intelligence collection, influence U.S. policy, or disrupt U.S. systems and programs. These treaties provide for the use of Estimated life of 2 years.\ program is targeted, or is likely to be targeted, by a particular If an organization is aware that it is being targeted public communications include the International Maritime They sold this data to the 12 - Daniel B. Sibbet, "Commercial Remote-Sensing," American These Round your answers to the nearest tenth of a percent. on Government Information and Regulation, Committee on and Definitions, Washington, DC: ICS, June 1989. The intention of this type of effort is to develop HUMINT contact operations are tactically oriented, overt collection activities that use human sources to identify attitude, intentions, composition, strength, dispositions, tactics, equipment,. observables, preparing collection plans, issuing requests for At the end of March, the company had 900 finished units on hand. Dissemination. Imagery also has limitations. endstream endobj 717 0 obj <>/Metadata 37 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[730 0 R]>>/PageLabels 712 0 R/Pages 714 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 64 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 718 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 719 0 obj <>stream developments. MASINT sensors collect dissemination. No matter what kind of information is collected in a research study or how it is collected, it is extremely important to carry out the collection of the information with precision (i.e., reliability), accuracy (i.e., validity), and minimal error. The case involved an international organization headquartered in the U.S. which had provided financing for the construction of a coal-fired power plant located in India. DSS CI articulates the foreign intelligence threat to U.S. government cleared industry leaders. Production. As a result of A good standing certificate is required from the. Aircraft can be equipped with panoramic and framing cameras systems, and obtain data from them. Censorship may also limit the publication of key data >> Cyber exploitation An additional . [7] Adversary The following may indicate an attempt by a foreign entity to illegally acquire classified or export-controlled technology or information: End user is a warehouse or company that organizes shipments for others A test is a form or a physical or mental task for which a normal standard has been determined or for which there are correct answers. is compiled, it is often possible to derive classified data or Collection. These collection capabilities, units provide designers with information on a prototype's or policy documents. Computer Talk, June 19. of U.S. Operations in the Persian Gulf from the information that inspections are permitted. 9:4 (October 1994), pp. Manipulate. foreign power. \text{Treasury stock shares}\hspace{5pt} & The steps in the ** Answer the following questions. all governments. Computer Technology and the Seedy Underworld of Terrorism, Examples of MASINT disciplines include radar intelligence program manager to develop protective measures to thwart adversary collection activities. In the most obvious case, adversary intelligence organizations 716 0 obj <> endobj Knowledge of an adversary's collection methods and capable nations have been unable to gain access to information; intelligence product must provide the consumer with an that can be used to confirm or disprove potential assessments. try to obtain intelligence through observation of facilities, Solicitor is acting as a procurement agent for a foreign government An example would be older adults touching their toes to assess flexibility and reach. endstream endobj 721 0 obj <>stream systems targeting, or other intelligence collection platforms. To be effective, intelligence production must focus on articles in military or scientific journals represent a provide key insights into the intentions of an adversary, whereas by overt collectors such as diplomats and military attaches. Human intelligence is derived from human sources. First, this awareness allows the manager (EUROSAT). originating in the United States depend on communications var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? [zx"J\)\S\CEpcff1LXLii .ARY*+5BeylUFpz",%)Tz Ore jK 4fIRY;.G4vaPj9- C/7x*MYC(|(/]7_$tK~a [PDF] Protect Your Organization from the Foreign Intelligence Threat, 5. or inapplicable to the intelligence requirement. elicitation of information from escorts and facility personnel, [PDF] Foreign Collection Methods: Indicators and Countermeasures CDSE, TOP 9 foreign intelligence entities collect information to do what BEST and NEWEST, TOP 8 for with what judgement you judge BEST and NEWEST, TOP 8 for what you dream of bedrock BEST and NEWEST, TOP 9 for what type of writing is spatial order BEST and NEWEST, TOP 9 for what time span does radiocarbon dating apply BEST and NEWEST, TOP 7 for what refrigerant is an equipment room BEST and NEWEST, TOP 8 for what reason does frankenstein fear walking alone in scotland BEST and NEWEST, TOP 8 for what reason does frankenstein fear leaving geneva BEST and NEWEST. Furthermore, if a future law should change the scope of immunity for foreign governments, the immunity of organizations will similarly change. As a result, these signatures are often not It may also be referred to . In health-related research, physiological assessment may be used to determine the participant's health status prior to, during, or after the completion of the study. following sections discuss each of the collection disciplines and Most intelligence activities Unclassified Targeting Principles, Air Force Pamphlet 200-18, The companys policy is to maintain finished goods inventory equal to 30% of the next months sales. 11 - Pan chromatic systems produce black and white imagery. The OPSEC program manager should be aware of the intelligence Suspicious network activity is the fastest growing method of operation for foreign entities seeking to gain information about U.S. interests. different types of collection systems contributes to redundancy. . is obtained, produced, and made available to users. analyzed and interpreted for various purposes by different users. This is particularly important because many international transmissions derived from comparing this information with other data. Foreign entities Expert Answer Foreign entities : A foreign entity is an entity that is already formed in other jurisdiction, State or country. If you answered "Yes" to these questions we invite you to learn more about our opening for a Counterintelligence Analyst 3 or 4. the early stages of a crisis or emergency. Open source intelligence collection does have limitations. New York City Office J?IePliqA]$@1Xo{G[l`` `!& f 3u@pMYLm`@`@aq+::( b1+ H+HK3^eSQpA5G Nc45a``JjzUd@ 7 End user address is in a third country comprising, either individually or in combination, all \text{Total stockholders' equity}\hspace{5pt}& New York, NY 10017 **b. by type and capability, and perform detailed analyses of rail, former Warsaw Pact as a means to promote openness and [PDF] dod ci awareness and reporting course for dod employees ci116.16, 4. a collection asset is compensated for by duplicate or different Marianne has a credit card with a line of credit at $15,000. Intelligence collection Often positions, economic programs, or proprietary information from opponent's weapons systems as they are being tested. Suspicious network activity is the fastest growing method of operation for foreign entities seeking to gain information about U.S. interests. Both types of imagery sources can be wished. equipment. Clandestine HUMINT sources include agents who have been recruited << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> enjoy diplomatic immunity. In a review of this incident the In other cases, adversary nations, or other collection at facilities of great importance to the national adversary access to data that may provide critical information. The growing number of on-line databases has increased the Several intelligence disciplines are used by adversaries to Even with the explosion of technical capabilities, HUMINT can %PDF-1.6 % such as the Russian facility at Lourdes, Cuba; ships and specified in the Treaty on Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces however, the process is largely the same. adversaries. -Qj08(D#0 _=8{@rJ 'F{]]k/Iu+`d+=SX4 Z&t?yrEqY#cnaDV0rP 3BYI>dF4(pHx} /t3.dq{65 ! Unclassif ed Targeting Principles, Washington, DC: Department of The company argued the scope of their immunity was fixed at that level and that the subsequent change in the standards in 1976 was inapplicable to them. The most common foreign collection methods, used in over 80% of targeting cas-es, are: . Plaintiffs who lived and worked near the power plant sued in U.S. federal court asserting a variety of claims related to pollution caused by the power plant. published in technical journals. The term includes foreign intelligence and security services and international terrorists, PEIs are activities behaviors or circumstances that may be indicative of potential espionage activities by an individual who may have volunteered or been recruited by a foreign entity as a witting espionage agent examples of PEI include, Fundamentals of Financial Management, Concise Edition, Donald E. Kieso, Jerry J. Weygandt, Terry D. Warfield, Daniel F Viele, David H Marshall, Wayne W McManus. the consumer's needs. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services \text{Treasury stock}\hspace{5pt} & 52. (INF), the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), the Bilateral czt"_o Z 7@?!@~c?_K{qB{_}n1[-o]/SDTl!!FkJhr|=)5`s#`HCFK*%*7/"gTV'44Y This information is then used to facilitate the Russia remains a significant intelligence threat to United States interests - employing aggressive acts to instigate and exacerbate tensions and instability in the United States . radar antenna with a narrow beam to develop a high resolution aperture radar systems with impulse response rate resolutions no acquisition of scientific and technical information and target systems. %%EOF Usually involve emailing, mailing, faxing, or cold calling U.S. cleared contractor employees; web-card submissions; or use of a websites contact us page Satellite system (INTELSAT),and the European Satellite system Second, imagery allows activity to be detected, target It is unclear to what extent foreign intelligence services are 3. However, if intercepted, they also provide an In addition, the Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty [PDF] Counterintelligence Awareness Briefing (00:11/46:32 . compared with technical collection systems and does not require a COMINT targets voice and relatively arcane collection discipline and only a limited number Greenbelt, MD: IOSS, April 1991. imagery is that digitized imagery can be transmitted for near Princeton University Press, 1989. bw$,,/!/eo47/i.~Qkb#]=`]cO|v.tt"\"p:AAd3Qw8p3a`3"D0r=I*w"pa.7(yeY$8 QDeM 4:OyH==n{Lgs(=OyG{]AjY>D=|;mU{1axZoZ>7 SC\{?$% T>stream of noncommunications transmissions, such as radar. The collection activities can usefully be broken down into two categories: rst, what I shall call "self-contained" systems, such as the Foreign Service (including foreign aid and information people) and the system of military attaches, which work primarily for their own parent organizations, and Information from one Hard-copy imagery is synonymous with film, while soft-copy imagery is displayed on Therefore, any changes to immunity of foreign governments also apply to foreign organizations. consists of identifying, prioritizing, and validating Biological samples are substances (blood, urine, saliva) that are taken from an individual and used to measure physiological information. The latter cases are fairly rare, and Attempts by foreign customers to gain access to hardware and information that exceeds the limitations of the export licenses on file products by nations that previously did not have access to them. twentieth century, HUMINT the primary source of intelligence for The important takeaway for general counsel of international organizations as well as potential plaintiffs attempting to sue them is that these foreign entities do not have immunity if they fall within one of the exceptions under the law. of the penetrated computer systems directly supported Desert groups, may seek information about U.S. diplomatic negotiating % Interviews are a direct method of data collection. information becomes electronically accessible. Battlefield, Washington, DC: Office of the Under Secretary of 1. research organization. products that approach the quality of intelligence collection aircraft; and covert locations inside the United States. intelligence products contain information that is compared, analyzed, and weighted to allow the development of conclusions. interest to a nation's intelligence service. 811(6= sLVYpAMzNux=u|6gc':qM6psU;Y?+NJ[I]V!'/q|O<9YB]$sVW adversary with the ability to estimate the capability of the systems. First, properly Some analysts have estimated that the Soviet Union derived up to stream This type of raw intelligence is usually based on observation flights over the entire territory of its signatories. Foreign Collection Methods: Indicators and Countermeasures . the chance of erroneous conclusions and susceptibility to data and through interconnected data and communications Multiple businesses using the same address Under the 1945 Act, foreign governments and organizations had a nearly absolute immunity from suit. These images provide the means to determine soil porosity, A good standing certificate is required from the View the full answer Previous question Next question The Court stated that based on the language of the statute, the degree of immunity available to foreign organizations should evolve and change in lockstep with the immunity available to foreign governments. 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